How to Apply For an Employer Identification Number (EIN)
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Key Takeaways:
Applying for an Employer Identification Number (EIN) is free when done directly through the IRS. Be cautious of third-party websites that charge for this service.
An EIN application must include the responsible party's name and taxpayer identification number (SSN, ITIN, or EIN).
The responsible party must be a natural person unless the applicant is a government entity.
There are four methods to apply for an EIN:
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Online: The fastest method, with immediate issuance for entities based in the U.S. or its territories.
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By Fax: Complete Form SS-4 and fax it to the IRS. Processing typically takes four business days if a return fax number is provided.
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By Mail: Applications may take up to four weeks to process.
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By Phone: International applicants can call the IRS at 267-941-1099 (not toll-free).
The IRS limits EIN issuance to one per responsible party per day.
If authorizing someone else to apply, complete the "Third Party Designee" section on Form SS-4. The authorization is valid only until the EIN is assigned.
Existing EIN holders, such as sole proprietors or household employers, should not apply for a new EIN. They can retrieve a lost EIN via the IRS’s “Lost or Misplaced Your EIN?” resource.
Having an EIN ensures compliance with federal tax requirements and smooth business operations.
Applying for an Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a free service provided by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Be cautious of third-party websites that charge for this process—it is entirely free through the IRS.
Who Needs an EIN?
All EIN applications must include the name and taxpayer identification number (SSN, ITIN, or EIN) of the “responsible party.” This individual or entity controls, manages, or directs the applicant entity and its funds. Unless the applicant is a government entity, the responsible party must be a natural person, not another entity.
Methods to Apply For an EIN
1. Apply Online
The fastest and most convenient way to apply for an EIN is through the IRS's Internet EIN application. This method allows applicants to complete and validate their information online, with the EIN issued immediately. This service is available to entities whose primary location is within the United States or its territories.
2. Apply by Fax
For those who prefer to apply by fax, complete Form SS-4 and send it to the appropriate fax number listed on the IRS’s website. Ensure the form is filled out accurately. If a fax number is provided, the IRS will fax the EIN back within four business days.
3. Apply by Mail
Mail applications take longer to process—up to four weeks. Complete and mail Form SS-4 to the appropriate IRS address. If a new EIN is required, it will be issued and sent to the applicant using the procedures applicable to their entity type.
4. Apply by Phone (for International Applicants)
International applicants can call the IRS at 267-941-1099 (not toll-free) between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. The caller must be authorized to receive the EIN and answer questions regarding Form SS-4. A third-party designee can apply, but their authority terminates once the EIN is assigned.
Essential EIN Guidelines
Daily EIN Application Limit
To ensure fairness, the IRS issues only one EIN per responsible party per day. Plan accordingly to avoid delays.
Third-Party Authorization
If you are authorizing someone else to apply on your behalf, complete the "Third Party Designee" section at the bottom of Form SS-4 and sign it. This authorization is valid only until the EIN is assigned and released.
For Home Care Service Recipients
If you already have an EIN as a sole proprietor or household employer, do not apply for a new one. Use your existing EIN. If your EIN is lost, visit the IRS’s “Lost or Misplaced Your EIN?"page for guidance.
Applying for an EIN is a straightforward process when you use the appropriate resources and follow the IRS guidelines. Whether you’re starting a new business or managing an existing one, having an EIN ensures you meet federal tax requirements and can operate smoothly.
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